Penetration pricing is one of the many pricing strategies employed by companies in an attempt to increase their revenue and/or profit.
Penetration pricing is the strategy of offering extremely low prices when entering a market to entice customers to try a product or service. It works best in very crowded markets where it is hard to attract customers away from more established brands.
Penetration pricing is a particularly effective option when it is difficult to show a client your higher quality or special value without them trying your service. This is especially true when demand is elastic (i.e., it is very sensitive to the price) and economies of scale are very apparent (i.e., the marginal cost decreases as the size of the firm increases).
If that is confusing or too theoretical, don’t fret, as we will go through what that means with some graphs and an example below. We’ll also walk you through the pros and cons of using a penetration price strategy, as well as compare it to its mirror strategy, price skimming.
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Penetration pricing is used to quickly gain market share, especially in a crowded market. It is often combined with certain psychological pricing strategies to give the impression that the prices will go up soon, thus prompting potential customers to hastily make a purchase for fear of missing out.
While the system is an effective way to get customers to sign up initially, if your service doesn’t meet the standards of the market, don’t expect customers to stick around as the price goes up.
The major objectives of penetration pricing can be summarized as follows:
All of these goals are achieved through offering extremely low prices for an introductory period.
Indeed, the margins can be slim, zero, or even negative during a penetration pricing campaign, which means that you could be burning profit during the campaign or experiencing a negative cash flow. This is an unsustainable position in the long run, which is why penetration pricing, as well as the price skimming technique discussed next, is always a short-term strategy.
Price skimming and penetration pricing are essentially the opposite strategies. Whereas price skimming uses initially high prices to earn revenue, penetration pricing uses initially low prices to get more sales.
While price skimming is best used with unique or new products, penetration is best used when the market is highly competitive and customers are quite loyal to their brand of choice.
Some caution and discretion is required for both, however. While penetration pricing will leave you earning less revenue per client when used for too long, price skimming will start to attract competitors that feel they can beat your prices if given the chance.
Penetration pricing is best used under very specific market conditions.
First, when there is very little distinction between competitors’ products and your own, it is difficult to differentiate in any way other than price. Since customers usually exhibit some level of brand loyalty, unless you (temporarily) have lower prices than the competition, it will be difficult to gain a market share.
Second, when demand is price elastic, which means that the level of demand heavily depends on the price, it is easier to entice consumers away from their current brand of choice, and it is more likely that a penetration pricing strategy will succeed.
Finally, when the total cost structure of your company signals that you’ll have positive economies of scale (i.e., the marginal cost of your product will decrease as the level of production increases) then as your company gains more customers, the price you can offer sustainably will decrease. Moreover, a large market share will be a fundamental requirement of long-term success.
You’ve just built a great SaaS platform in a competitive market. The R&D costs were very high, but the cost to maintain and host the service per client is very low. Because of this, your marginal cost decreases rapidly from $15 to $10, if you can increase the number of subscribers from Q1 to Q2.
The competitor currently prices their product at $30, and you think it will take a price of $12 to initially get customers to try your service. Let’s look at this graphically:
You know that, so long as you can work your way to a market share that garners you a sales volume of Q2 that you will be profitable in the long run.
Once you reach Q2, your plan is to slowly raise prices until they are in line with the competition.
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Penetration pricing is a great way to gain market share quickly, but if you do not have a lot of cash on hand then you might find yourself insolvent before you become established in the market.
While you may be able to garner a big market share, there is no guarantee that that market share will want to remain loyal to you as you bring your prices in line with market norms.
Let’s look at some of the other advantages and disadvantages of penetration pricing.
The following are some of the advantages of penetration pricing.
The following are some of the disadvantages of penetration pricing.
While penetration pricing can get you some quick market share, there is no guarantee that you can keep that share once your prices go up. In addition, if your marketing strategy isn’t successful, then your low prices may need to stick around longer than you can afford to offer them.
Ultimately, penetration pricing is a great short-term strategy, but it might be better to entice potential clients into longer contracts with these low prices so that you have a longer time to convince them of the value your services bring to their companies before they decide to renew at the market rate.
Baremetrics is the obvious choice for SaaS businesses seeking to better track their revenue while making major pricing strategy changes.
If you’re looking for a smarter way to approach your SaaS business’s revenue performance, get in touch or sign up for the Baremetrics free trial today.
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